The EU AI Act and the Polish Legal Order: Constitutional Framework, Regulatory Architecture, Policy and Implementation Gaps

Abstract

This article examines Poland’s implementation of the European Union Artificial Intelligence Act from constitutional, legislative, institutional, and policy perspectives. It analyses the Polish AI ecosystem, constitutional protections for dignity, privacy, informational autonomy, compensation, and appeal, and the evolving national regulatory framework. Particular attention is given to the proposed Commission for AI Development and Safety, enforcement mechanisms, regulatory sandboxes, soft-law guidance, and participation in European governance. The article argues that Poland possesses substantial legal and technological potential, but delayed legislation, limited regulatory expertise, institutional fragility, and insufficient support for smaller enterprises continue to hinder effective implementation and regional leadership in AI governance.

Keywords: EU AI Act; Poland; Artificial intelligence governance; Constitutional rights; Regulatory enforcement