The national impact of the European AI Act

Abstract

This article examines the Italian Law on artificial intelligence (Law No. 132/2025) within the regulatory framework established by the EU AI Act. It argues that the Italian legislation establishes a model grounded in accountability and human oversight, reaffirming the primacy of human agency in decision-making in the deployment of AI systems across sensitive domains, including healthcare, employment relations, professional activities, and judicial functions. The paper further addresses governance choices, regulatory sandboxes, the regulation of health data for scientific research, and delegated legislative powers, examining their systemic implications within a multilayered European legal order.

Keywords: AI Act; Italian implementation; Sandboxes; AI Governance; Health data processing