Dignity beyond borders and waters: navigating climate displacement & protection system in the Asia-Pacific

Abstract

This article examines how the Asia–Pacific region is developing a pluralistic, rights-based protection system for climate-displaced persons amid persistent gaps in international law. Through a comparative analysis of global, regional, and domestic frameworks, it assesses how recent climate advisory opinions, regional cooperation mechanisms, and national relocation policies interact with existing human rights and climate regimes. The paper identifies converging normative trends, particularly on due diligence, participation, and statehood continuity, while underscoring limitations (historic and present) in cross-border protection, finance, and implementation. It argues for a rights-based approach that is enforceable and equitable. It also argues that long-term community-centred mobility pathways are imperative to address accelerating displacement in the face of the growing climate crisis.

Keywords: Climate-induced displacement; Human mobility with dignity; International law; Statehood; Climate advisory opinions; Asia-Pacific